Visions of the End: Early Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism (HUMA
4819, Winter 2007)
General
Information
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Vanier 248
Seminar: Vari Hall 1152,
Thursdays 11:30-2:20
Course
description:
This course
investigates the origins, development and legacies of apocalypticism
within early Judaism and Christianity. Beginning with the
ancient context, we will focus on understanding: (1) the earliest
apocalyptic literature (biblical and non-biblical); (2) apocalyptic
or millenial movements within early Judaism and Christianity; and
(3) the apocalyptic world-view, which centres on the notion of God's
ultimate intervention in order to destroy evil and inaugurate an
eternal perfect kingdom. As we proceed we will also survey the
legacies of apocalypticism in religious movements, popular culture
(including music and film), and artistic representation to the
present day.
Required Books:
-
The Bible with Apocrypha (modern translation such as RSV,
NRSV, NIV, NEB, Jerusalem)
- Available in the bookstore with the texts
for HUMA 2830: The HarperCollins Study Bible. New
Revised Standard Version with the Apocryphal / Deuterocanonical
Books.
-
Norman Cohn, Cosmos, Chaos and the World To Come: The Ancient
Roots of Apocalyptic Faith. 2nd edition. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2001.
-
John J. Collins, The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to
Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. 2nd edition. Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
-
Additional readings (available on reserve and at my office)
Evaluation
(also see end of syllabus for further descriptions of assignments):
-
Ongoing participation in class discussions (20%)
-
Presentation (in teams of two) on legacies of ancient apocalypticism
(on medieval or modern apocalypticism, topics listed at end of
syllabus), 15 minutes presentation + discussion (15%)
-
Book review essay, due week 5 (5
pp. double-spaced = 15%)
-
Major research paper proposal and critical bibliography, due
week 7 (= 10%)
-
In-class test, week 10 (20%)
-
Major research paper, due week 12 (15 pp. double-spaced = 20%)
Please note: All assignments are due in class on the specified date.
The only exceptions to this standard will be in cases of serious
crisis, which should be discussed with me as soon as possible to
determine an appropriate solution together. My aim is fairness
both to you and to your fellow students.
Readings,
Discussions, and Presentations
Everyone is responsible for reading works listed for a particular week and should come prepared for discussion. Our principal focus for discussion will be the primary or ancient sources; scholarly sources (esp. Collins and Cohn) will help us to make sense of the primary sources. In addition to ongoing participation from week to week, each student will have the opportunity to present (likely in teams of two) on a topic relating to the legacies of ancient apocalypticism (15 minute team presentation, plus discussion). We will discuss these requirements more fully in class.
____________________________________
DISCUSSION SCHEDULE
Unit
1: Orientation
Week 1 (Jan. 4)
Introduction: Apocalypticism and the Academic Study of Religion
Film: Apocalypse! (PBS documentary)
Readings:
Cohn, chs. 1-3; Collins, ch. 1
Week 2 (Jan. 11)
Origins of Ancient Apocalypticism: Antecedents and Influences (Near
Eastern, Persian, Greek, Roman, and Israelite)
Readings:
"Anzu"; "Hesiod's Theogony 820-885: Myth of Typhoeus and
Zeus"; "Zoroastrian Yasna 30" (http://www.avesta.org/yasna/y28to34b.htm#y30);
"Plutarch, Isis and Osiris 370: Zoroastrian dualism"; Job
38-42; Cohn, chs. 1-5
Week 3 (Jan 18)
Origins of Ancient Apocalypticism: Antecedents and Influences
(cont'd)
Discussion of Norman Cohn's Cosmos, Chaos, and the World to
Come
Readings: Ezekiel 37-39 and Isaiah 24-27 (Bible); Cohn
6-8
Unit 2: Earliest
Jewish Apocalypses
Week 4 (Jan 25)
Book of Daniel: "Historical" Apocalypse
Readings:
Daniel 2, 7-12 (Bible); Collins, ch. 3; Cohn, ch. 9
Week 5 (Feb 1)
Literature Associated with Enoch: Otherworldly Journeys
Readings:
1 Enoch 1-36; Genesis 5:21-24 (Bible); 6:1-8; Collins, ch. 2, 6;
Cohn, ch. 10
Unit
3: Developments in early Apocalypticism (Jewish and Christian)
Week 6 (Feb 8)
The Apocalyptic Community at Qumran: Dualism and the Final Cosmic
Battle
Readings:
"Community Rule" (1QS), columns 1-5, "The War Rule," and "The
Heavenly Prince Melchizedek"; Collins, chs. 4-5
**Reading week, Feb
12-16 – no classes**
Week 7 (Feb 22)
Apocalypses Responding to the Destruction of the Temple (70 CE): 4
Ezra
Readings:
4 Ezra = 2 Esdras 3-14 (in the Apocrypha of the Bible); Collins chs.
7
Week 8 (March 1)
Apocalypticism in Earliest Christianity: Jesus and Paul
Readings:
Mark, especially chapter 13; 1-2 Thessalonians, esp. chs. 4-5; 1
Corinthians, especially chs. 7, 15; Collins, ch. 9; Cohn, ch. 11
Week 9 (March 8)
John's Apocalypse
Readings: Revelation (esp. chs. 1-3, 13-22);
Sibylline Oracles 3.350-380; 4.103-192; 8.110-215; Collins, ch.
8; Cohn, chs. 12-13
Week 10 (March 15)
In class test
Unit
4: More on Modern Legacies of Ancient Apocalypticism
Week 11 (March 22)
Legacies: Documentary film on Waco and the Branch Davidians
Readings: Robbins and Anthony, "Sects and Violence" and
TBA
Week 12 (March 29)
Legacies: Apocalypticism in modern film and television (Twelve
Monkeys and others)
Readings: TBA
_____________________________
Outline of
Assignments
Book Review Paper
(5 pages, no longer; Feb 7)
Carefully read and
study the assigned book, making note of the main arguments of the
author. Write a review of the book, which entails:
-
Outlining the main argument (or point) of the book and how the
author builds up this argument in sub-arguments throughout the
chapters.
-
Discussing the author's methods (or approach) and use of evidence to
support his or her points.
-
Providing a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of
the book. Does the author achieve what she set out to do? Is
the argument convincing or not, and in what ways? What
theoretical assumptions and/or value judgements influence the
author's reconstruction of history? Be sure to provide
concrete examples (citing page numbers in parentheses) of the
problems or strengths you discuss.
The review paper
should have a clear thesis statement (concerning your
evaluation of the book) which is supported throughout the
paragraphs. The paper should be clearly written and structured
with no spelling or grammatical errors. Be succinct
and do not exceed the prescribed length.
Major
research paper proposal and critical bibliography
(2-3 pages)
Choose a topic
relating to the course that interests you. Speak with me
to confirm that the topic will work and to get advice on how to
proceed. Write a succinct proposal and outline of the paper,
which entails:
-
Stating your topic, its relevance to the course, and the sort of
material you expect to cover.
-
Outlining your tentative thesis or main argument and how you expect
to structure the paper.
-
Discussing primary and secondary sources that will be useful in
research. Provide a bibliography (following an accepted
academic style of bibliography correctly).
Major Research
Paper
(15 pages double spaced)
This paper will
build upon your earlier proposal, demonstrating research and
analysis of both primary and secondary sources. A good
research paper includes the following characteristics (and more):
Form:
-
Opening paragraph that provides context by noting the broader
relevance of the topic. Ease the reader into the subject, yet
get to your main topic or point promptly.
-
Clear thesis statement that encapsulates your main argument or
point.
-
Clearly structured paragraphs, with each paragraph addressing a
specific point (or sub-thesis) that helps to support your overall
thesis.
-
Clearly written sentences that communicate your ideas in a direct
and succinct manner (without repetition).
-
Succinct concluding paragraph that pulls things together without
merely repeating what has already been said.
-
No spelling or grammatical errors.
- Complete bibliography listing all sources
consulted or cited in the paper. Follow an accepted academic
format of bibliography (do not create your own variations).
Content:
-
Early indication of your purpose, the way you will be approaching
your topic, and the methods you will be using (e.g.
historical, sociological, anthropological, psychological)
-
Discussion of a range of material relevant to your topic and
purpose.
-
Provision of historical and cultural context. Where
does your topic fit within the broader historical trends of the
period you are studying? How does your topic relate to
political, social or cultural developments of the time?
-
Thorough references to the sources (both primary and
secondary) of your information throughout the paper (using an
accepted form of citation). Find out what plagiarism is and
avoid it like the plague.
-
Critical use and analysis of primary sources (that is,
materials from the period you are studying produced by contemporary
participants or observers). Primary sources include not only
writings but also visual and artefactual materials (e.g.
archeological findings, buildings, artistic productions, films in
the modern context).
-
Critical use and analysis of secondary sources (that is,
scholarly materials). Demonstrate that you have read relevant
scholarly sources. Show that you are aware of the key issues
of debate among scholars and take sides in the matter.
Which scholarly positions do you agree or disagree with and why?
______________________
Presentation
topics on legacies of apocalypticism
Focus questions:
What is the apocalyptic worldview of a particular person or
movement? What, if anything, actually happens as a result of this
worldview (how does it affect behaviour)? What connections or
innovations are evident in relation to ancient apocalypticism?
The Phrygian
movement (Montanism) (2nd century)
Joachim of Fiore's
apocalyptic worldview (12th century)
The figure of the
Antichrist in the middle ages (medieval)
Münster as the New
Jerusalem (16th century)
John Nelson Darby
and the doctrine of the rapture (19th century)
Hung Hsiu-ch'uan's
"Heavenly
Chronicle" and
the Taiping
rebellion (19th century)
Antonio Conselheiro
and Canudos in Brazil (19th century)
Children of Peace
in Toronto (19th century)
Millerites (19th
century)
Jehovah's Witnesses
(20th century)
Hal Lindsey's
Late Great Planet Earth (20th century)
Jonestown (1970s)
Heaven's Gate in
USA (1990s)
Order of the Solar
Temple in Quebec and Switzerland (1990s)
Aum Shinri Kyo in
Japan (1990s)
.