Category Archives: (01) Non-dominant (“barbarian”) perspectives on peoples

Arabians and Judeans: Jubilees, Molon, and Josephos on identifying the Ishmaelites (second century BCE on)

Babylonian perspectives: Bel-re’ushu / Berossos on the origins of civilization (late fourth century BCE)

Getians, Scythians, and Goths: Jordanes on their supposed origins and achievements (mid-sixth century CE)