{"id":16850,"date":"2025-02-20T11:41:20","date_gmt":"2025-02-20T16:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/?p=16850"},"modified":"2025-06-15T08:35:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T12:35:08","slug":"dorians-and-xanthians-monumentalizing-claims-of-kinship-ca-206-205-bce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/2025\/02\/dorians-and-xanthians-monumentalizing-claims-of-kinship-ca-206-205-bce\/","title":{"rendered":"Dorians and Xanthians: Monumentalizing claims of kinship (ca. 206\/205 BCE)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ancient authors: <\/strong><\/em>Xanthians, Dorians, and Aitolians, SEG<\/em> 38 (1988), no. 1476 (206\/205 BCE) = Jean Bousquet, \u201cLa st\u00e8le des Kyt\u00e9niens \u00e0 Xanthos de Lycie,\u201d Revue des \u00e9<\/span><\/span>tudes grecques<\/i> 101 (1988): 12\u201353 (link<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Comments: <\/em><\/strong>This document is an important illustration of how different peoples might portray their connections with one another. The Xanthian stone was discovered by Georges Ville in 1965 during the French Archaeological Mission\u2019s excavations of the sanctuary of Leto, approximately four kilometers southwest of Xanthos (Lycia, Asia Minor). The limestone stele or slab (height: 194 cm; width: 52-56 cm) features molding at its top and bottom, and a 110-line inscription dating to 206\/205 BCE.<\/p>\n

This inscription reports an occasion when ambassadors from Kytenion (Doris, Central Greece) arrived in Xanthos to request money for re-building their city walls. These ambassadors went to great lengths to convince the Xanthians (Lycians) that they shared Doric kinship connections to the Kytenians (which likely would have surprised the Xanthians) and so should be willing to help their supposed relatives in this time of need. While making their appeal, the Kytenians presented two otherwise unattested genealogies demonstrating kinship ties between the two people groups, one divine and one heroic. These genealogies were perhaps contrived in Kytenion for this very occasion. The Xanthian inscription provides our fullest account of kinship diplomacy in action. For a further instance featuring Judeans and Spartans, see link<\/a>.<\/p>\n

For a detailed study of this inscription with implications for Paul’s concepts of common kinship, see Richard Last’s article (cited below).<\/p>\n

Works consulted: C.P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World<\/em> (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999) (link<\/a>); Richard Last, “Abraham and the Jerusalem Collection: Kinship Diplomacy in Paul’s Letters,” Journal of Biblical Literature<\/em> 145 (forthcoming, with extensive bibliography).<\/p>\n

Source of translation:<\/em><\/strong> Courtesy of Richard Last, Trent University.<\/p>\n

\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017<\/p>\n

[Introduction]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Photo of lines 77-99 from Bousquet 1988, 17. Open access on Pers\u00e9e.<\/p><\/div>\n

In the reign of Ptolemy son of Ptolemy [i.e. Ptolemy IV Philopater, reigning ca. 221-204 BCE] and Berenike, the Benefactor Gods, and his son Ptolemy, during the seventeenth year, at the time when Andronikos son of Perlamos was priest both of the Benefactor Gods and also of king Ptolemy, and (5) when Tleopolemos son of Artapates was priest for the city, on second of the month Audnaios. During an assembly, the Xanthians, the city and its leaders decided: Ambassadors have arrived from the Aetolian League, Dorians of the Metropolis from Kytenion \u2013 Lamprias, Ainetos and Phegeus \u2013 carrying both a decree (10) from the Aitolians, and also a letter from the Dorians. In accordance with the letter, after providing an account of events happening in their homeland and, following that, discussing the matters that were written in the letter with all earnestness and distinction, they urged that we, having remembered the (15) kinship (syngeneia)<\/em> relationship we have with them, one that originates from the gods and heroes, not to overlook the walls of their city, which have been destroyed. For, Leto, the founder of our city, gave birth to Artemis and Apollo in our territory; and Asklepios son of Apollo and Koronis daughter of Phlegyas, descendant of (20) Doros, was born in Doris. Beyond the kinship existing between them and us from these gods, they also related to us the intertwining (symplok\u0113)<\/em> of descent (genos<\/em>) between us from the heroes, having put together a genealogy of descent from Aiolos and Doros, and further they exhibited that (25) Aletes showed care for the ones sent out from us by Chrysaor son of Glaukos son of Hippolokos since he [Aletes] was one of the descendants of Herakles. For, going forth from Doris, he [Aletes] rescued them when they were at war, and when danger encircled them, he put an end to it and married the daughter of Aor son of Chrysaor. (30) Presenting many other things from ancient times about their goodwill towards us because of our kinship, they thought it worthy that we should not allow the greatest city (polis<\/em>) in the Metropolis to be eliminated, but that we should assist as much as possible towards their wall-building (35), and demonstrate to the Greeks the goodwill that we have towards the League of the Dorians and the city of the Kytenians by coming together to assist them in a way worthy of our ancestors (progonoi<\/em>) and ourselves. (And they thought) that we would be showing favour, by answering in compliance to these things, not only to them but also to the Aitolians and (40) to all other Dorians, and especially to king Ptolemy, being a kinsman of the Dorians through the Argead kings descended from Herakles.<\/p>\n

It has been decided to reply to them that all Xanthians grieve together the misfortunes that have happened to the city, and believe (45) it is necessary to answer enthusiastically on the matter of the assistance requested, both because of our kinship from the gods and heroes, and also because king Ptolemy, being descendant (apogonos<\/em>) of Herakles, traces his kinship (syngeneia<\/em>) to the kings descended from Herakles. Therefore, if the public treasury (50) of our city had not been weak, they [i.e., the Xanthians] would make clear their goodwill, as their benevolence surpasses everyone.<\/p>\n

But since not only is the public treasury empty, but also the multitude of our loans have increased, it is possible to lay on our citizens no public burden because of the regulation (55) established by decree for nine years. Also, the most prosperous of our citizens have recently made large contributions because of the challenging times, of which we have given an account to the ambassadors. For these reasons, our city has no revenue, (60) yet the civic leaders (archontes<\/em>) are upset about overlooking their kinspeople (syngeneis<\/em>) while they experience such loss. It was decided that the civic leaders, having borrowed money, will give the ambassadors (presbeutai<\/em>) five hundred drachmas for rebuilding the walls of their city, and they will also send them the gift of hospitality, as is customary. (65) And so that there will be a memorial of the familial relationship (oikeiot\u0113tos<\/em>) existing between the Dorians and us for our descendants, because of our zeal towards them with respect to our kinship, the civic leaders will engrave on a marble monument (stele) and set up in the temple of Leto the decree of the Aitolians and the letter (70) written by their generals and the councillors, and likewise the letter sent to our city by the Dorians, as well as the previously mentioned decree. They will also give it to the ambassadors and invite them to a reception.<\/p>\n

[Aitolian decree]<\/strong><\/p>\n

It seemed good to the Aitolians to give the Dorians embassies for cities (75) related by kinship and for kings who are descended from Herakles: Ptolemy [IV Philopator] and Antiochos [III, reigning ca. 222-187 BCE]. Those who are sent will say how, because of the kinship to both the Dorians and the Aitolians, they [i.e. Xanthians] should assist in the rebuilding of the walls of the city of the Kytenians so that the city may be repopulated as quickly as possible.<\/p>\n

[Letter from Aitolian generals and councillors to the Xanthians]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Agelaos, Pantaleon, (80) Molossos and the councillors of the Aitolians, to the Council and People of Xanthos, greetings. Lamprias, Ainetos, and Phegeus, the ones who delivered our letter to you are Dorians from Kytenion, and came before you as ambassadors on behalf of the Aitolians regarding the rebuilding of the walls of the city of the Kytenians. (85) Therefore, you will do well as regards us and the League of the Aitolians, and in regards to the familial relationship (oikeiotatos<\/em>) connecting the Dorians to you by hearing them out with benevolence and by eagerly attending to what they request. Farewell.<\/p>\n

[Letter from Kytenian civic bodies to the Xanthians]<\/strong><\/p>\n

The inhabitants of the city of Kytenion, the Dorians of the Metropolis, to the Council (90) and People of Xanthos, greetings. We sent ambassadors to you from both us and the Aitolians, Lamprias son of Pankles, Ainetos son of Polytas, and Phegeus son of Sotion, who will inform you about things that they have orders to tell you. For it happened that at the time when king Antigonos [III Doson, reigning ca. 229-221 BCE] invaded Phokis (ca. 223\/222 BCE), portions of the walls of all our cities had crumbled on account of the earthquakes, and our younger soldiers had gone to the temple of Apollo at Delphi to protect it. When the king came to Doris, he destroyed the walls of all our cities and burned our houses. Therefore, we ask you to (100) remember our kinship with you, and not to permit the greatest of the cities of the Metropolis, Kytenion, to be annihilated. Rather, provide as much assistance to us as you think possible for the construction of the walls and show to the Greeks the goodwill you have (105) towards our people (ethnos<\/em>) and city, providing help in a way that is worthy of you and your ancestors and of Herakles and his descendants. As for us, we will return the favour in whatever way you request. Know well that you will be granting a favour not only to us, but also to the Aitolians and all the other Dorians, and most of all to king (110) Ptolemy, who is our kinsman through the kings.<\/p>\n

\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017\u2017<\/p>\n

[Introduction]<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u03b4\u1fbd\u03bf\u1f50 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1(\u03b9) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd [53] \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 [54] \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30[55]\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f10\u03bd\u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f35 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5[56]\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u1f00\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u1f76\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5[57]\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1[\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2], [58] \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u1f67\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 [59] \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 [60] \u1f10\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u1fbd\u1f21\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5[61]\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae[62]\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u00b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 [63] \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1f30\u03c2 h \u03a6\u1fbd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd [64] \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1fbd\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u03cc[65]\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u00b7 \u1f33\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u1fbd\u1f27\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 [66] \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 [67] \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac[68]\u03c8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03b8\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 [69] \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f31\u03b5\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u039b\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cc\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9[70]\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad[71]\u03b4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 [72] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03cc\u03b4\u03b5 \u00b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 [73] \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n

[Aitolian Decree]<\/strong>
\n\u1f1c\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 [74] \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 [75] \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u1f29\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5[76]\u03bc\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2[77]\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1f76 \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1fbd\u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9[78]\u03bb\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5[79]\u03c9\u03b9\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd.<\/p>\n

[Letter from from Aitolian generals and councilors to the Xanthians]<\/strong>
\nv \u1f08\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad[80]\u03c9\u03bd, \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u039e\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fb6\u03b9 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5[81]\u03bb\u1fb6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03ac\u03bc\u03c9\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u039b[\u03b1]\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u0391\u1f34\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf[82]\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03c9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd, \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba \u039a\u03c5[83]\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u1fbd \u1f51\u03bc\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 [84] \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1[85]\u03bb\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f01\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9[86]\u03bb\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1f76 \u0394\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, [87] \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f00\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5[88]\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03bd \u1f1c\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u00b7<\/p>\n

[Letter from Kytenian civic bodies to the Xanthians]<\/strong>
\n\u03bd \u0394\u03c9\u03c1[\u03b9]\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 [89] \u039c\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u1f40\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u039e\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fb6\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5[90]\u03bb\u1fb6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ac\u03bc\u03c9\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u00b7 \u1f08\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u1fbd\u1f51\u03bc\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2[91]\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f01\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u0391\u1f30\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u03bf\u1f76 \u039b\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd [\u03a0]\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2, \u0391\u1f34\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd [92] 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Ancient authors: Xanthians, Dorians, and Aitolians, SEG 38 (1988), no. 1476 (206\/205 BCE) = Jean Bousquet, \u201cLa st\u00e8le des Kyt\u00e9niens \u00e0 Xanthos de Lycie,\u201d Revue des \u00e9tudes grecques 101 (1988): 12\u201353 (link). Comments: This document is an important illustration of how different peoples might portray their connections with one another. The Xanthian stone was discovered […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71,352,236,296,706,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-greek-and-roman-ethnography-on-barbarians","category-b-inscriptions","category-dorians-greeks","category-ethnicity-ancient-world","category-richard-last","category-xanthians-in-lycia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16850"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22187,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16850\/revisions\/22187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.philipharland.com\/Blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}